Kiln-, Solar-, and Air-Drying Behavior of Lumber of Tectona grandis and Gmelina arborea from Fast-Grown Plantations: Moisture Content,Wood Color,and Drying Defects

Tectona grandis and Gmelina arborea are common in commercial reforestation in the tropics. However, color variations, moisture content, and drying defects are also present in dried lumber. Moisture content variations, drying defects, and color changes were evaluated in the present work for three drying methods (kiln, solar, and air drying) during three seasons (dry, rainy, and transition season) in Costa Rica. According to the results, kiln drying had the fastest drying times, regardless of the season. On the other hand, air drying had slower drying time and higher final moisture content. With regard to defects, kiln drying produced the highest number and magnitude of defects in both species, whereas air drying showed the lowest quantity and severity of defects. No variations due to the drying methods or the season were observed in check and split, though solar drying presented intermediate values in all drying defects. The seasons of the year did not present any effect on drying defects. Finally, T. grandis dried lumber is darker than green lumber, and dried G. arborea wood is clearer. In addition, there is an increase in red ( a ^* ) and yellow ( L ^* ) tonalities, and color changes (Δ E ^* ) are considered perceptible or very perceptible in both species. No differences were found among the three drying methods in Δ E ^* , although the season of the year affected dif L ^* and dif C ^* significantly.     

Efficient loading and entrapment of tamoxifen in human serum albumin based nanoparticulate delivery system by a modified desolvation technique

Herein, the poorly water-soluble drug, Tamoxifen (Tmx), was loaded in the amphipathic matrix of human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles by a modified desolvation method. In order to enhance the drug loading (DL) and drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) (<2% and 10%, respectively), ultrasonication of Tmx-HSA mixture was performed prior to desolvation process. Tmx loading and entrapment efficiency were optimized by employment of the response surface methodology (RSM)-central composite design (CCD) of experiments. Under the optimum conditions of 1.59 mg Tmx/ml concentration, 7.76 pH and 5 h incubation of HSA-Tmx, the DL of 6.7% and DEE of 74% are achievable. Particles with the average size of 195 nm, zeta potential of −21 mV and polydispersity index of 0.09 were produced under these conditions. A more sustained Tmx release behavior was observed from polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugated nanoparticles in comparison to the non-PEGylated ones. The short-term stability investigation showed no alteration in physicochemical properties of nanoparticles at 4 and 37 °C, but small increase in nanoparticles size was observed after three months of storage at room temperature. This is the first report for efficient production of a Tmx delivery system based on HSA nanoparticles.     

气相法聚乙烯熔融指数的影响因素及控制

文章针对目前全密度聚乙烯装置运行操作中的中控产品质量指标——熔融指数,做了较全面的分析。阐述了聚乙烯分子量及支链数与熔融指数的关系。结合装置生产实际,讨论了各种反应条件的变化对熔融指数的影响,其中,重点分析了氢气对熔融指数的调节作用,并对熔融指数的控制做了实例分析。     

采暖期燃煤排放对四平市空气质量的影响分析

文章于2014年4月1日~4月30日在吉林师范大学对大气污染物PM10、NOX和SO2进行监测。采暖期,PM10、NOx和SO2的浓度分别为150.9μg/m3、46.4μg/m3和27.3μg/m3,虽没有超过空气质量标准,但是其数值都比非采暖期高。采暖期PM10浓度为非采暖期的1.6倍,NOx和SO2的浓度分别为非采暖期的1.3倍和1.8倍。无论是采暖期还是非采暖期,AQI指数与PM10浓度呈强相关性,说明PM10为四平市首要大气污染物。     

表面粗糙度对涂装铝合金应力腐蚀敏感性的影响

在粗糙度不同的A7N01S-T5铝合金表面上进行涂装处理后,再通过慢应变拉伸试验来获取该铝合金在3.5%Na Cl溶液中的应力-应变曲线,解析这些曲线后得到了表征铝合金应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)敏感性的特性指数,并由此得到了粗糙度对涂装A7N01S-T5铝合金SCC敏感性影响的作用规律。     

单种强黏结性肥煤的配煤实验及黏结指数变化分析

将半焦、焦粉、主焦煤以不同的比例,配入新疆焦煤集团强黏结性肥煤中,进行黏结性实验,实验结果表明,焦煤和经低温干馏处理过的半焦在配入比例5%以内时,配合煤的黏结指数并未遵循低于最高黏结指数的一般规律;不同温度干馏的半焦其配合煤的黏结指数不同。通过实验验证,强黏结性的肥煤对无黏结性的半焦会产生非常强的黏结性,这对于动力煤的半焦的配煤炼焦具有一定的实践意义。     

主要工艺参数对串联式磨盘挤出机混合性能的影响

采用Polyflow软件模拟了聚合物熔体在串联式磨盘挤出机混炼段内的混合过程。将混合指数和分离尺度作为评价指标,借助统计学方法,分析了主要工艺参数(转速和喂料速率)对串联式磨盘挤出机混合性能的影响。研究结果表明:转速增大,串联式磨盘挤出机的分散混合性能和分布混合性能提高;喂料速率增大,串联式磨盘挤出机分散混合性能下降,但喂料速率对串联式磨盘挤出机分布混合性能影响较小。     

矿山生态环境保护与恢复治理评价指标体系的构建

由于矿山生态保护与恢复治理涉及的范围广、要素多、联系复杂,因此在矿山生态环境保护与恢复治理评价指标体系的构建过程中,指标的选取与量化具有模糊性和不确定性。利用层次分析法理论建立了矿山生态环境保护与恢复治理评价指标体系,经过专家打分,采用层次分析法计算出各评价指标的权重,从而定量分析了各指标对矿山生态环境保护与恢复治理影响的重要性。该研究可为矿山生态环境保护与恢复治理效果评价提供参考依据。     

Probabilistic analysis of site-specific load-displacement behaviour of cement-fly ash-gravel piles

Cement-fly ash-gravel (CFG) piles comprise one of the novel ground-improvement methods. They are attracting considerable attention, as their beneficial role in accessible soft foundations is being increasingly exploited by the surging urban industrial development in China. Despite their recognised significance, however, the load-settlement behaviour of CFG piles is poorly understood, particularly in the context of probabilistic assessments. This study focuses on six full-scale CFG pile load test datasets, consisting of 245 samples collected at six sites in the Beijing region, under static axial compression loading. As a part of this investigation, a regression curve is applied to the load-settlement data for each load test in the database using a two-parametric hyperbolic or power law curve-fitting equation. Moreover, an assessment of the multiple load-displacement curves, based on the full set of pile load measurements conducted at a particular test site, reveals that the scatter observed in the regression parameter values is mainly caused by the inherent soil variability.Thus, a bivariate copula-based mixed distribution is chosen to represent the dependence between these regression parameters. A simple copula-based simulation model is used to estimate the reliability index at any specific allowable settlement for the serviceability limit state (SLS) design. The correlation coefficients in the copula-based distributions of the regression parameters are proven to have an impact on the reliability index of this pile foundation. A scatter analysis of the load-displacement behaviour provides insight into the probabilistic design of site-specific CFG pile foundations.